Friday, July 25, 2025

Everlasting Pea

Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea (Lathyrus latifolius) with Meadow Cranesbill. Frome, 7 July 2025.

 

A celebration of one of my favourite plants, Lathyrus latifolius (Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea).

It lives up to its name; the plants live almost forever. They also seed themselves and now after twenty years there are a dozen plants in Laura's garden; mostly the standard species (deep pink verging on magenta) and a few of the attractive pale pink variety "Rosa Perle". 

Lathyrus latifolius is native to southern Europe but has been in British gardens since the sixteenth century.  You'll often see isolated long-lived plants in the wild but there it doesn't seem to spread so easily. 

Growth starts afresh from ground level each year, but Lathyrus perhaps wouldn't suit a very formal garden. It tends to sprawl or scramble. It can climb up to 2.5 meters if it wants but doesn't usually seem all that bothered. 

Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea (Lathyrus latifolius "Rosa Perle"). Frome, 11 July 2025.



Common Carder Bee (Bombus pascuorum) on Lathyrus latifolius. Frome, 23 July 2025.



The flowers are designed to be pollinated by bumblebees, who are more than happy to oblige. This involves squeezing into a gap between the big petal at the back (known as the standard) and the protruding ones in front (known as the wings), as demonstrated by the carder bee above. 

Of course butterflies are the wrong shape to do this, but Brimstones (Gonepteryx rhamni) have  discovered that they can reach the nectaries by probing between the wing-petals with their long tongues. No giggling at the back, please. 



Brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni) on Lathyrus latifolius. Frome, 13 July 2025.


In my friend's garden the Brimstones only visit the deep pink plants; they completely ignore "Rosa Perle". 

[Something similar happens with Red Valerian (Centranthus ruber). The Large and Small White butterflies eagerly visit the deep pink plants but seem to ignore the crimson-red ones; bees visit both.]



Brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni) on Lathyrus latifolius. Frome, 30 July 2022.





Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Frome, 23 July 2025.

First flowers of Lathyrus latifolius. Frome, 13 June 2025.


In 2025 (sunny, blue skies) the first flowers appeared on 13 June: that was very early, like most of the other midsummer plants. 

But in 2024 (cloudy, gloomy and rather chilly) we spent several weeks thinking that the dozen plants in Laura's garden must all have mysteriously died. They simply didn't show up. Elsewhere we noticed some Lathyrus latifolius plants flowering more or less normally, but here there was nothing. Eventually the tender stems showed, and the flowers didn't appear until the start of August! 

I don't know what they were thinking, but maybe this exceptional flexibility about dates is a factor in the long life of the plants. 



Early flowers of Lathyrus latifolius. Frome, 4 August 2024.



Seedpods of Lathyrus latifolius. Frome, 23 July 2025.

The pods turn brown before suddenly splitting into wiggly spirals and flinging out the seeds (on still, hot days you can hear them). The seeds are toxic, unfortunately; no foraging potential here. 

Like other plants Everlasting-pea is an optimist when it comes to seeding; it starts by assuming the weather will be perfect, then scales down to what actually happens. As weather is normally less than perfect (too dry or too wet), a lot of the seeds don't develop fully.


Lathyrus latifolius: pods turning brown and splitting. Frome, 3 August 2025.





Leaves and zigzag stems of Lathyrus latifolius. Frome, 23 July 2025.




Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Frome, 23 July 2025.

Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea (Lathyrus latifolius "Rosa Perle"). Frome, 16 July 2025.

Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Swindon, 16 July 2025.

A new plant in my own garden in Swindon. It's diminutive in this first year, but will get more vigorous as the tuber grows, and will soon be giving my lavender bushes something to think about. 

Lathyrus latifolius -- good in flower arrangements, too!



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Monday, July 21, 2025

Don Carnal's topography









[Don Carnal] fled the church and went into the Jewry, 
they received him gladly in their carniceria;
the Passover of unleavened bread was drawing near; 
they liked being with him, and he found the day good. 

Very early on Monday, Don Rabbi Acebín, 
to help him out, lent him his nag; 
he was soon at the border of Medellín; 
the lambs cried: "Baa! This is the end!"; 

the goats and kids, the rams and ewes 
bleated loudly, saying these words: 
"If Don Carnal takes us from here into town, 
There's a lot of us who will end up skinned." 

The meads of Medellín, Cáceres, and Trujillo, 
the Vera de Plasencia as far as Valdemorillo, 
and all of La Serena, that quick young fellow
ravaged in a rush and pillaged at will;

the country of Alcudia and all of Calatrava, 
the country of Hazálvaro, and Valsaín he entered, 
in just three days he did it: he seemed to fly; 
the rabbi's nag was so scared it ran amok. 

When the bulls saw him, their necks bristled,
the oxen and cows clanged their bells, 
and the calves and young bulls bellowed loudly: 
"Hey! You cowherds, save us with your dogs!"

(El libro de buen amor by Juan Ruiz, arcipreste de Hita (first version 1330, revised version 1343), stanzas 1183 - 1188)

*

Forty-five years on my bookshelf without ever being opened -- that's enough, I said to myself, tossing El libro de buen amor onto the heap destined for charity shops in Bath. 

But then I opened it at random, and my eye fell on the name Plasencia, a town in N. Extremadura that I happen to know. So I was drawn in. 

This extract comes from a section describing the allegorical battle between Don Carnal (his name really says it all) and Doña Cuaresma (the Lady of Lent). It seems to have been a traditional theme in medieval Europe, since there also exists a French poem on the subject, but there's no literary influence either way. 

Here Don Carnal, in his gluttonous pursuit of meat of all kinds (all organic, too!), visits the rich livestock areas in the back country of Extremadura and the Castiles. 

Medellín, Cáceres, and Trujillo : in Extremadura. Trujillo is to the east of Cáceres, and Medellín is south of Trujillo on the river Guadiana. 

the Vera de Plasencia : in N. Extremadura, now known simply as La Vera. A lowland area to the east of Plasencia, beneath the Sierra de Gredos. 

as far as Valdemorillo : Valdemorillo is just to the west of Madrid. (But at that time Madrid was still quite a small town, vying for local supremacy with Segovia.)

La Serena : An area to the east of Medellín, celebrated for its wool and sheep's-milk cheeses.

The country of Alcudia and all of Calatrava: the Valle de Alcudia and the Campo de Calatrava are areas to the east of La Serena, to the south of Toledo and close to Ciudad Real (but this was a new town and still very small). Both these areas served the military/monastic Orden de Calatrava.

the country of Hazálvaro, and Valsaín he entered : Hazálvaro or Campo Zálvaro is the livestock country between Ávila and El Espinar (south of Segovia). Valsaín is south-east of Segovia, at the foot of a valley of the Sierra de Guadarrama.






*

The Spanish text of the extract is given below, in three versions. 1: from the online text at Biblioteca Cervantes, reproducing a 1911 (?) edition in the series Biblioteca económica de clásicos castellanos published by Louis-Michaud (Paris). It's apparently based on MS S (Salamanca). 2: from the 1971 Editorial Bruguera edition (Joaquín Rafel Fontanals and Lidia Pons Griera), based mostly on MS G (Gayoso) with the missing parts supplied from MS T (Toledo) and MS S (Salamanca). 3: translation into modern Spanish from the same edition. 

(You can also download a PDF of Chiarini's 1964 edition, which gives a different text again.)



1183

Fuyó de la iglesia, fuese a la jodería,
resçebiéronlo muy bien en su carneçería,
pascua de pan çençeño éstos los venía,
plogó a ellos con él, e él vido buen día.

Fuxo de la iglesia e fuese a la Judería, 
rescibiéronle bien en su carnicería
pascua de pan cenceño entonces les venía;
a ellos con él plugo e él vido buen día.

Huyó de la iglesia y se fue a la Judería, 
le recibieron bien en su carnicería; 
la Pascua del pan ácimo entonces las venía;
les gustó estar con él y él halló el buen día. 

1184

Luego lunes de mañana don Rabí Açelín
por le poner salvo emprestole su rosín,
púsose muy privado en estremo de Medellín,
dixieron los corderos: «Vedes aquí la fin.»

Luego lunes mañana, don Rabí Acebín,
por le poner en salvo, prestóle el su rocín;
passóse muy aína en estremo de Medellín;
dixieron los corderos: «¡Be! ¡He aquí la fin!»

El lunes muy temprano, don Rabí Acebín, 
para ponerlo a salvo, le prestó su rocín; 
estuvo muy pronto al extremo de Medellín; 
dijeron los corderos: «¡Be! ¡he aqui el fin!»;

1185

Cabrones e cabritos, carneros e ovejas,
davan grandes balidos, disen estas consejas:
«Si nos lieva de aquí Carnal por las callejas,
»a muchos de nosotros tirará las pellejas.»

cabrones e cabritos, carneros e ovejas
davan grandes valados, dizen estas consejas:
«Si nos lieva de aquí Carnal por las callejas, 
a muchos de nosotros tirará las pellejas.»

cabrones y cabritos, carneros y ovejas 
daban grandes balidos, dicen estas palabras: 
«Si Carnal se nos lleva de aquí a los poblados, 
a muchos de nosotros nos quitará las pellejas.»

1186

Plados de Medellín, de Cáceres, de Troxillo,
la Vera de Plasençia fasta Valdemorillo,
en toda la Serena, el presto mançebillo
alboroçó ayna, fiso muy grand portillo.

Prados de Medellín, de Canceres, de Troxiello, 
la Bera de Plazencia fasta Valdemoriello, 
e toda la Serena, el presto mancebiello 
alboroçó aína e fizo grand portiello;

Prados de Medellín, de Cáceres, de Trujillo, 
la Vera de Plasencia hasta Valdemorillo, 
y toda la Serena, el ligero muchachito 
alborotó de prisa y saqueó mucho; 

1187

El campo de Alcudia e toda Calatrava,
el campo de Fasalvaro, en Basaín entrava,
en tres días los anduvo, semeja que volava,
el rosín del rabí con miedo bien andava.

el campo de Alcudia e toda Calatrava,
el campo de Hazálvaro, en Valsavín entrava, 
en tres días lo anda: semeja que bolava;
el rocín del rabí con miedo bien andava.

el campo de Alcudia y toda Calatrava, 
el campo de Hazálvaro, en Valsaín entraba, 
en tres días lo recorre: parece que volaba; 
el rocin del rabí con el miedo mucho andaba.

1188

Desque l' vieron los toros, irisaron los çerros,
los bueyes e vacas repican los çençerros:
dan grandes apellidos terneras et beçerros,
«¡Aba aba, pastores, acorrednos con los perros!»

Desde l' vieron los toros, enerizan los cerros,
los bueïs e las vacas repican los cencerros,
davan grandes bramidos terneros e bezerros:
«¡Ab'aba!, vaquerizos, ¡acorretnos con los perros!»

Cuando lo vieron los toros, erizaron los cerros, 
los bueyes y las vacas repican los cencerros, 
daban grandes bramidos los terneros y becerros: 
«¡Ea! vaquerizos, ¡socorrednos con los perros!»

*


In the park at Plasencia, September 2023.


Back on my bookshelf....



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Wednesday, July 16, 2025

Stemless grasses


Stemless bromes. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.



A year later we did the family walk from Crowhurst Park holiday cabins to the Plough again. 

Here's my post about it from last year:

https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2024/07/crowhurst-fields.html

When we came out of the woods into the wheatfield, one of the first things I noticed were these peculiar stemless bromes. They were on the corner where the footpath turns south and runs down the middle of the field. 

I suppose they are Soft Brome (Bromus hordeaceus), the most common of the short-awned annual bromes. There were masses of normal-looking specimens too, in fact they were growing all down the track, bordering the crop. But I only noticed the stemless ones on that first corner. 

Something flashed in my brain and I took a couple of hasty photos while my family marched into the distance. If anyone had asked me then, I'd have supposed that the cause was environmental. Maybe the grasses on the corner were always being trampled or injured, or maybe they received a double dose of some chemical pollutant:  pesticide or herbicide or fertiliser.... something like that must account for it, I thought.

But later, when I looked at the photos, I felt the stemlessness had to be genetic. A trampled or poisoned grass doesn't just go stemless. 

I've never noticed stemlessness in grasses before, but I've seen it in other plants occasionally, such as Prickly Sow-thistle (Sonchus asper). The Dwarf Thistle (Cirsium acaule) reverses the normal course of things by being usually stemless, but sometimes stemmed

But I had questions about a genetic explanation, too. The short-awned Bromes are annuals or biennials, so this patch of similar plants couldn't be explained as clonal perennation. On the other hand I've read that the anthers in Bromes are often not exserted, so self-pollination must be common; maybe that would account for a patch that all shared the same genetic feature. 

Maybe stemlessness is normally disadvantageous (e.g. in terms of access to sunlight and wind) but in certain locations becomes advantageous. Such as on a regularly trampled corner, for instance. 

I can't answer my questions,  and so far I've failed to find anyone who knows about stemlessness in grasses, but I'll post this as a marker of unfinished business. 


Stemless bromes. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.

Normal-looking stemmed Bromes beside a wheatfield. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.

Growing barley along the edges of wheat. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.

The wheatfields here were mostly edged with a row of barley. Why? Once again, I've no knowledge to impart.


Marching into the distance. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.





Jay's photo of a heron. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.






Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata). Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.


Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) by a pond. An American species, grown as a garden plant in the UK.

Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata). Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.







The old railway bridge. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.




Barley. Crowhurst, 3 July 2025.



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