Sunday, July 31, 2022

The label list is back!

 After several years I've finally succeeded in resurrecting the Label List for this blog (keep scrolling down and you'll find it). 

The labels are displayed in a rather strange sequence, with the most frequently used labels at the top.  (Plants, Sweden, Scott, Shakespeare, Poetry, and so on..)

Be aware that if you click on these most used labels, you may not get to see the full results, because of maximum content limits.

[You can see a more comprehensive list for Shakespeare and his contemporaries here:

https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2021/02/notes-on-shakespeare.html

And for Scott here:

https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2014/07/sir-walter-scotts-novels-brief-guide.html

]

Anyway, after the most used labels come the slightly less used labels, and from about No. 250 downwards, all the labels that I've used only once, in alphabetical order.

It's not ideal, but I hope someone might find it helpful!
















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Tuesday, May 10, 2022

The Gustafssons

My Sundsvall grandparents were Klas and Sigrid Gulliksson.

This post focusses on the family of my maternal grandmother (mormor). She was born Sigrid Matilda Gustafsson on 26 June 1906. (Mum says that Mormor hated the name Matilda!)

It's a companion to an earlier post which focusses on my grandfather's side of the family, the Gullikssons: https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2019/05/min-morfar.html

Sigrid was the youngest sibling.


Karl Gustafsson (1868 - 1937)  m.  Amanda (1872 - 1927)

                                          |

Anna  (1898 - 1976)    

Ida (died in childhood)  

A boy (Signe? died in childhood)  

Greta  (1901 - 1988)

Sigrid   (1906 - 1997)


One of  the surviving nuggets of family history is the coincidence that the birthdays of Karl, Ida and Greta all fell on the same day, 24 August. 

Karl's name was also spelled "Carl", e.g on his Kungliga Patriotiska Sällskap medal. 




Inscription on a pewter vase, a birthday present to Karl from his children in 1929. 


Karl Gustafsson



Karl once owned the Belgian pinfire pistol that I remember from my dad's gun collection. Dad used to say it was so flimsily made that it was more likely to injure the user than an assailant. 

Karl came from Uppsala. He travelled long distance between Uppsala and Sundsvall with the brewery's casks of alcohol. There was some danger of being robbed on the way. His forebears had been Walloon; Huguenots who brought iron-mining expertise to Sweden.

(But I feel there's a chronological mismatch in the idea that the pistol has anything to do with his Belgian ancestry. Karl's pistol was modern. But with a surname like Gustafsson, Karl must have been at least two generations removed from any Belgian connection.)

It wasn't necessarily strong alcohol. He also brought the casks of "svagdryck", very weak beer that townsfolk drank instead of water, which could still carry disease in those days. (This was the basis of the "beer soup" that my mother, according to family legend, largely lived on as a child. She was a nervous eater, a condition made worse by anxious relatives fussing over her.)


Amanda Gustafsson


Amanda was from Sundsvall. When Karl and Amanda married they lived near the river in Sundsvall (Selångersån). Karl worked for the brewery in Sundsvall. 

Amanda died when Sigrid was about 21. By the time of Sigrid's marriage Karl was elderly and not very well. His feet had been frozen on those Uppsala-Sundsvall trips so he had bad circulation. 

His house was Albäcksgatan 4. This was also Klas and Sigrid's first home. They lived there to take care of him. He died when Eva was about one year old, and they left Albäcksgatan when she was two or three. 

She could already talk. Both her memorable phrases are cellar-related. She used to say "Är de jåttar, mamma?" (Is it rats?) and "Kas eldar!" (Klas is lighting the stove!) He had to do this once a day. Banked up, the stove in the cellar would stay alight and provide warmth for the next twenty-four hours. 

*

Sigrid was fourteen years younger than her husband Klas. I don't know when they got married but Eva (my mum) was born on 7 September 1936. Sigrid was 30 and Klas was 44. 

Anna never married. When I knew her she lived in Falköping. Greta did marry (Erik Andersson; they lived in Stockholm), but it was a late marriage and they did not have any children. My mum was in effect an only child and an only grandchild, on both sides of her family. (There were other children on Klas' side of the family but they were in America and no-one would ever meet them. In those days, emigration was a forever thing.)

I knew Mormor and her sisters Anna and Greta far better than I ever knew Morfar or his relatives. (In her later years, after Erik's death, Greta lived much of the time with Sigrid.) I knew them all as beloved presences, as kindly and loving relations. 

But as a child I lived only in the present: their nice homes and generosity and food and laughter. Because of the language barrier, I never knew much about them. 

And generally I still know less about the Gustafsson side of the family than the Gullikssons. Maybe one factor is that Eva herself never knew either of her Gustafsson grandparents.  



Two of the Gustafsson girls. Anna and Greta, I think.


Anna Gustafsson

I loved Moster Anna dearly. Partly because of her delightful personality, and partly because we usually visited her near the beginning of our summer holiday in Sweden, after long days of driving through France, Belgium, Netherlands, West Germany and up through Denmark, the distances ever elongating. To arrive at Anna's welcoming apartment in Falköping was to feel that now the most precious part of the whole year had well and truly begun. 

When Anna was still living in Sundsvall she worked for a certain doctor Svensson. And so did a lady called Berna. 

And thus it came about that Berna and Willem Eriksson became friends with Sigrid and Klas. Berna and Willem had a son Bosse who was three years younger than my mother Eva. Lacking any young relatives of her own Eva always referred to Bosse as "my little brother". They have remained lifelong friends. Bo and Gunilla live in Borlänge (Dalarna).

Anna never married. In Falköping she was "föreståndare" in charge of the food at a fancy hotel; a catering manager I suppose. But I think she had retired when I knew her. 

Her flat was nicely furnished and after her death some of the furniture came to my mum and dad's house in Battle where they became the setting of numberless family feasts and games of Canasta: the white dining table with its two leaves, the dining chairs, and the cabinet for the best crockery; all "Orrafors", designed by Carl Malmsten in 1962 and 1963. 


Greta Andersson

Greta was a cook for a well-off family in Stockholm. She married Erik Andersson late in life. Perhaps Erik was already retired, because no-one can remember what job he did. First they lived in a flat in central Stockholm. Dad remembers when he first drove there; Mum could make out the street from the flyover but finding the right exit was a nightmare. 

Later they moved out to an apartment in the "dormitory town" of Kista. After Erik's death, Greta lived most of the time with her sister Sigrid. 

I think the little vacuum cleaner that I still use came from Moster Greta. 


Sigrid Gulliksson (min mormor)

After Greta's death in 1988, Sigrid was lonelier than ever. Her health declined and she eventually went into care, with symptoms of Alzheimer's before the end. My mother flew back and forth from England; she went nine times in Sigrid's final year.

According to Mum, one of Sigrid's favourite sayings was Alla sätt äro bra utom de tråkiga! (All ways are good except the boring ones.)

Also according to Mum, Sigrid was fond of this snatch of song:

Hejsan grabbar, ska ni vara me' ?
Ja min lilla flicka, var lugn för det.
Ska vi dansa hambo, ska vi dansa vals ?
Nej min lilla flicka, jag dansar inte alls !

Sigrid was not impressed when Eva, then about eleven, suddenly needed seven fillings in her teeth! There had been a craze at school for collecting toffee-wrappers, which of course meant you had to eat a lot of toffees. Despite this indifferent start, Mum (nearing 90) still has all her teeth, as she proudly points out.


Mum's cousins.

Amanda had siblings, though I don't know how many or their names. Anyway, it was through one of them that Sigrid had a first cousin called Bernard, married to Anni. I don't remember them, but my Dad met them.

Bernard and Anni had two daughters. 

One was Sylvia, who married Ragnar, one of eleven children from a poor family from the remote hamlet Återvänningen. Sigrid remained close to them and I remember Sylvia and Ragnar fondly. It was at their house that I first tasted surströmming. They had a daughter Inge, who married Lennart. Inge died recently (2023).

Bernard and Anni's other daughter was Aina, who married a bus driver called Yngve. They had two children, Monica and Lage. 

When Sigrid died in 1997, I met mum's cousins at the funeral; Inge, Monica, Lage and their partners. They were now Mum's closest relatives in Sweden. For the next fifteen years or so Mum and Dad used to meet up with "the cousins" each summer while they were in Norrland. 

I've visited Monica's home several times and am still in touch with her. She and husband Leif (truck driver, now retired) live in Ljustorp. They have one daughter, Annica.

Mum told me that when WW2 started and the future of Sweden was uncertain every Sundsvall family had to have cases packed for evacuation, and their own plan was to go to Ljustorp, so I suppose Aina was already living there.


Eva with her doll



Eva with Michael



Klas and Sigrid with Michael



Eva, Greta and Sigrid



Min mormor



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Thursday, December 16, 2021

The brown bee



This emerged recently, in a card I made for my mum over 50 years ago. At first we supposed it was my own composition, and I'm sorry I have to give up any claim on it. It turns out to be the first verse of "The Happy World" by William Brighty Rands (1823-1882), the "Laureate of the Nursery". He was the son of a Chelsea candlemaker, and from 1857-1875 a parliamentary reporter, like Charles Dickens before him (and David Copperfield). (Rands also wrote copious literary criticism and a two-volume Chaucer's England.)

Here's the whole poem:


The Happy World


                 The bee is a rover;
                        The brown bee is gay;
                 To feed on the clover,
                        He passes this way.
                 Brown bee, humming over,
                       What is it you say?
    "The world is so happy—so happy to-day!"

                 The martens have nested
                        All under the eaves;
                 The field-mice have jested
                        And played in the sheaves;
                 We have played, too, and rested,
                        And none of us grieves,
    All over the wide world, who is it that grieves?


(Found in Pinafore Palacean anthology of verse for children compiled by Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora Archibald Smith, New York, 1907).

Probably my mum and I chose the poem together. She certainly played a large part in inspiring my chief work from that era, the reference book Birds (Age 6.4, I wrote on the title page) 





*

I pick up this thread of my literary remains in a teenage diary (aged about 14):


....................and when we get
    old, we'll travel to the
edge of the world
  (recalling young days)
       and stumble
          and tumble
     We're falling
     We're falling
          Floating . . ....

       Hjortron berries are
found in swamps and
marshes around lakes
and fishing backwaters
of the world, more
particularly Sweden.
They are the colour
of Autumn leaves, old foxes,
yellowish, russet but
gooseberry succulent, fustian
saffron, mottled, truffle-like,
in their treasured
scarcity, maple-syrupy.
Or perhaps they are none
of these. They are gold,
pale Swedish Gold, and
sometimes it reminds me of
you ....................
  Imagine lying in the 
Argentinian pampas, dry
and swaying and you
see the chinky secrets
between the blades and glades.....
  Imagine the northern
seas blowing and 
blustering at the
whaling ships proud
sails ............
  Imagine the heat of 
a gipsy fire, flaring
and flickering the women's
skirts .......
  Imagine -- no don't
imagine anything at 
all; it would restrict the
ideas if I specialised
-- such a clinical word,
I wish I hadn't used it
And what inspires me
to these lofty Årean 
heights?
  Don't blame me for
them. Blame Härjedalen,
or the girl who's
character is impressing
itself on every page of
this. Perhaps .........well,
I am only the journalist
of my emotions, aren't
I? 

*

Yup. Thereafter I stuck pretty exclusively to the topics of yearning and girls for the next decade at least. (Not sure if I've ever moved on, really.) 

Remember foolscap, that elongated paper size that was so dispiriting when you had to write school essays on it? I must have used a leftover piece for this concept album:





I must have been about 22 by then, and a postgrad.  

It wasn't until my late twenties that I started to write poems for any audience but myself. Here are five from the earliest batch:


*

You cannot be sure if the sea speaks.
Its mood is imperative.
"Primrose Haven."

Coal at dawn, pearl suspense:
Drop your pretence.

You etch away at a slate:
Fly across the grain.

Fear absorbs me. Plastered cliffs
Iron out those ready skiffs.

The waves close upon a vowel;
No cornflakes in this chopping bowl.
Vocabulary opaque, crow into silence.

*

Mist.
Make out the point on the deck
Where several streams meet.

It must be the early eighties again --
Oh flowery fell,
Blooms stuck in moss but that was fantasy.

The moss that grew upon that stone
Was parched and brittle.
My sister emptied a cup of water --
It sloped off, leaving a little to drink.

Pine needles dropped between my toes:
The clatter of double dragonflies
Rose out of the reeds.

Still that sun browsed above the trees,
Bringing the blueberry-pickers to their knees.

*

Coiled then unwound
Step all round this holy place
Passion, parturition,
The angels of this land.

Look skywards, fly your kite in space
Around the heavens, apply a glaze
To anywhere but the vase's base!

The clouds begin to drift apart
In sheltered spots, the orange light
Suggests imaginary warmth.

Those orange jellies on the gorse
Are something from my childhood.
Once they lived inside a wood
But now served cold, an aftercourse.

In the windiest January
I have come to a place without wind
Where small conifers in sombre shades
Are alight all round the edge with garden haloes.

*

Canterbury

Where all its spires and supermarkets yearn
& all its roads reach out, a carnival floats
& billows like a fleet of fishing boats
Asleep upon a sea of breath. Return;
Bell Harry's calm does not afflict these crowds.
Then the light fades & in the bookshop's back
Are girls dressed unassessably in black,
Post-Gothic, hair undyed, combed into clouds.
Their military silence seems like wit.
One of them loiters, pleasing, scornful-eyed,
To view an etching of the square outside:
The same, except the rooms are candle-lit.
In all its hatching winter is implied,
& evening -- like this evening -- dampens it. 

*

Burning flower
Waits for dawn

Radiance
The way you dance
Your legs, your absence




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Saturday, November 14, 2020

The "Koh--i-noor" pencil

 



Just realized this pencil in my pencil box must be pretty old. This brand was the source of the joke in 1066 and all that about someone presenting Queen Victoria with a giant pencil. 

1066 and all that was a very popular book at school. I read it dozens of times, along with Molesworth, Three Men in a Boat, P. G. Wodehouse, Jennings, Enid Blyton (Famous 5, Secret 7) and cowboy books. This was especially age 13-16; before that I read much more widely, and "better" children's lit -- Michael Joseph translations of Edith Unnerstad and Astrid Lindgren, for example. And afterwards I discovered "literature". But, in the mean time, Wodehouse rather strangely combined with my new passion for pop music -- T.Rex, Slade & very soon Family, Procol Harum, Van Der Graaf Generator, Can and Pet Sounds. The Faust Tapes, Jethro Tull's Living In The Past, Slayed!?, Great Western Movie Themes (Geoff Love & his Orchestra), Roxy Music and For Your Pleasure, Bandstand, Landed, Chameleon In the Shadow of the Night, Grand Hotel, Old Soldiers Never Die, Friendliness, Pour Down Like Silver, were some of my earliest LPs. 

It's confusing because some of my favourite music belonged to other people. John Scott had Electric Warrior and Robin Trower; Anthony Aloof had Ziggy and Aladdin Sane. Records went rounbd at school -- I seemed to know everything. And I had Sibelius' 5th and Brahms' Clarinet Quintet, & a piano in my room, & violin lessons. I looked at the Collins Field Guide to Birds of Britain & Europe, but I didn't have the patience or energy to watch birds. In Sweden I played the guitar and made recordings with Annika. I wrote more than 100 songs -- mostly they sounded like Neil Young, but I know I didn't discover him until the chantier in Bonnet when I was 15. I think I might have read Le Grand Meaulnes a few times, and The Trial. I roamed with Beth (collie) over the fields & through the woods to the "Roman campsite" (in fact, an ironworks). I climbed the beech tree and the larch in the big garden -- I walked on the wall of the walled garden. I had 20 numbered camps in the laurels and I directed epic films about wars in some kind of Mexican America. 

[memory dump found in a notebook.]


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Tuesday, July 28, 2020

The last of Swindon



Raising the kitchen blind at 0630. The sun's up. The shadow of the cherry tree on the gable wall. The softer shadows.



The unequal pair of rowans, becoming colourful again. Last autumn I made a lot of rowan jelly!






Plants we inherit are never valued like those we plant ourselves, so I don't expect the garden I'm leaving to be much loved. But I've loved making it, and here's a photo to remind me. Let's have a walk round.

Front right, by the recycling boxes, the sage is enjoying a second flurry. When it flowered the first time, it was almost buried under masses of celery and angelica, but that's all gone now.

I've gradually quietened the garden since I decided to leave. All the seeding stems have been cut back, a few pots and baskets have been moved to Frome, the various wild plants that I was nurturing (mainly willowherbs) have been weeded out.

Behind the sage are a group of chuckout pots that came from Laura's garden. These had the usual treasures: meadow cranesbill, purple toadflax, red valerian,  violets, forget-me-nots... And that architectural rush in the trough, ultimately from Moredon, one of my many previous Swindon residences. 

Behind those, you can see the Chinese Holly Fern that was the first thing I planted, nearly 18 months ago. It was a messy sale item and it continued to look messy for the next year or more, but now I'm very happy with it and expect it to improve by the year, if it's allowed to.

Going left from there, a small red and white fuschia in peak flower, and left of that, a patch of miscellaneous growth now dominated by a tall Common Evening-Primrose. Behind it, one of the geraniums I wrote about here:


And behind that, the redcurrant bush, which will produce a lot of berries next year. Also an Italian Alder, a poisoned chalice I suppose but I'll leave it to future tenants to cut it down; and a Lathyrus which has suddenly doubled in size and may even flower.

We've almost finished this indulgent tour. Along the back edge, the cornflower and lungwort (from Laura) which were so successful this spring. In the middle, more of the old pots, erigeron, valerian, geranium...

On the left, a lavender planted this year, whose flowers I've just stayed long enough to see. I won't get to see the Astilbe, which is belatedly in bud. Behind the lavender, but invisible, is a lemon-balm, which is finally looking established and will now, I hope, be impossible to get rid of. Even we flitting tenants have a bit of the colonizing instinct!



Much slower to colour than the rowans, this is the Swedish Whitebeam I could see from my flat when I looked in  the other direction (approximately ESE).


Looking back on this rather isolated time of my life, I'll most remember exploring the many Green Hound's-tongue sites in West Swindon, a journey that began here:



Also, the two albums of songs that I recorded while here:



And, above all, sitting on the faux-leather sofa learning Swedish, the many hours of painstakingly deep-reading the Norrland novel that I'm now translating in full:


And now to clean that bathroom...


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Thursday, May 07, 2020

He had to get a job

Michael had been incredibly lucky to spend seven years at university. First there had been three years at Exeter (1976-1979), where in the end he got a II.1 in English. In the second and third year of the Exeter course the students chose from various different specialisms, and Michael chose Medieval Studies. His teachers were Avril Henry (Medieval art), Marion Glasscoe (Medieval mystics), and Mike Swanton (Anglo-Saxon).

Perhaps he might have got a First; he always had the knack of doing well in exams. But he was also a confirmed procrastinator, and he struggled to focus on the coursework that made up a proportion of the final mark. His Medieval Arts folder, supposed to represent a year's work and actually thrown together on the last night before it was to be handed in, was a disgrace.

Wanting to continue at university but feeling a lack of confidence in applying for a PhD, he applied to do a one-year MA at Durham (1979-1980) in the Department of Medieval Languages and Literature. His tutor was Victor Watts, but he had other teachers too; for instance, he studied Dante with Hugh Shankland. At the end of the year he managed to forget to turn up for one of the exams, but amidst general consternation was luckily permitted to take the exam the following day, on the understanding that in the mean time he must not have any contact with his fellow candidate.



He wanted to carry on at Durham and do a PhD on that intriguing poem Piers Plowman.  But the Department of Education and Science, perhaps remembering that he hadn't got a First, didn't feel like committing to a further three years of postgraduate support.

In something like despair, Michael applied instead to do a PGCE and become a schoolteacher. He was accepted at Manchester, but the uncomfortable interview had confirmed his feeling that (in spite of a family background in education) he felt utterly unsuited to, and dispirited by, the thought of teaching the school curriculum to schoolchildren. He was painfully shy.

In a difficult phone call to his parents, he announced that he would refuse the offer to take a PGCE, and would instead leave university and take a job. He had no idea what. He was twenty-two, but the only careers that interested him were rock star, poet and academic, in that order.

A day or two later, his parents called back. His parents, together with his beloved grandmother Ruth (the family called her "Mutti"), would find the money for him to stay and do the PhD. He was overwhelmed with relief and gratitiude, at any rate all the relief and gratitude a boy could feel who had never known hardship.

He would, it was true, need to earn a little money on the side. He got a morning job in the Durham branch of Boots, unloading and shelf-stacking.

At the end of his first year of study for the PhD (1980-1981), another application was made to the DES. This time they saw it differently, since Michael had demonstrated his commitment (or rather, his family had). So the way was now clear, and Michael no longer had to show up at Boots at an early hour.

Michael read widely and variously, published a paper, and did a little teaching of undergraduates (very badly). He did many other things during these magical years, which aren't recounted here. He had a real friend, he had a little love-making, he watched cricket and snooker all day on the hall of residence TV, he joined a band in Leeds for a week, he discovered wild flowers and spent whole days in the woods. But when his grant money ran out in the summer of 1983 he had not written a single word of his PhD thesis.

So now it was really necessary to get a job. But only for the money. He looked for a fairly undemanding job, so he would have some energy in reserve to work on his thesis in the evenings. He went on the dole (somehow contriving to carry on living in university residence), and he took the civil service entry examination in Newcastle. He also ticked an innocent-looking box when asked if he might be interested in considering a post in IT. He knew nothing about computers and had often made mock of the bizarre computing terms that his best friend (a physicist) used to entertain him with: clock, bus, bootstrap ...

He might have gone anywhere in the country, but when the appointment came it was to the Department of the Environment administrative offices at Ashdown House on the back edge of Hastings, which was pretty much home territory for Michael. He began work there in April 1984, though at first it wasn't really work. In those days Executive Officers in the IT specialism spent their first six months being trained: he learned the main parts of a computer (Central Processing Unit, data in and out, peripherals); the programming language COBOL; and the proprietary ICL operating system, GEORGE 3.

It was a beautiful spring and summer in 1984, with fine weather from April onwards. Michael took more interest in the flowers he saw on the way to work (Blackthorn, Grass Vetchling) than either his IT training or the thesis work that lay in wait for him at home.

He lived for some colourful weeks in a Hastings doss-house, and then moved into the house that his parents (preparing for their retirement) had just bought in Battle, paying only a modest rent. (He shared this house with a university friend who was now based at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in nearby Herstmonceux.)


*

OK, I can't keep this up any more. I thought I would experiment with writing some memoirs in the third person, after re-reading an old post of mine about Xenophon. I wondered if it might give me a more objective perspective, perhaps lead to greater honesty and balance, or perhaps stir memories that I wouldn't have if I was just chatting away in my own voice.

And in some respects it did open up new channels. The need to give an account led me, for example, to wonder how it was that, while my grant money must have run out in June 1983, I didn't start work in Hastings until April 1984 (a date scored on my memory by all the CVs I've written over the years). But at the same time, I felt that this account contrived to miss out almost everything that was interesting about those years, all the people I met or loved, everything that really happened, that is to say, happened in ways that seemed important to me at the time. And the mask kept slipping; suddenly it was "these magical years"; this was not the tone of Xenophon, who never mentions his feelings.

There were a couple of other difficulties with a third-person account that I hadn't anticipated.

The first was, what was my name? To my family and myself, up until I went to university, I had always been Michael, occasionally varied with the familiar Swedish version Mika. It was at the Christian Union, which I joined in Freshers' Week when I arrived at Exeter, lonely and looking for companionship, that I was first called Mike. It was a name I enjoyed being called, and it was the name that has stuck, all through my university days and my professional IT days, and also within my various later families. Today even my parents call me Mike as often as Michael. But at the time of this memoir, they and Mutti would certainly have called me Michael. As for me, I thought of myself by both names, "Michael" evoking my childhood and my true identity from the perspective of history; "Mike" evoking the everyday person who walked around in the present day, drank Sunderland Draught Bitter and carted his record collection from one study-bedroom to another.

The second difficulty was, my memory was full of gaps, so if I was writing in my usual voice I'd have used a lot of metataxtual commentary like "as far as I remember" or "others whose names I've forgotten" or "I think it was in Newcastle". The third-person account simply has no way of expressing these things. The reader is to accept what is written as the only record of the events. The reader may wonder how complete the record is, whether something has been suppressed, whether such-and-such a statement is an error or a lie, but that's all speculation. This limitation has its good side. It forced me to try a bit harder, to retrieve Mike Swanton's name by looking up books he had edited; Hugh Shankland's name suddenly popped into my mind after I'd given up on it.

Still, I think it's back to the first person from now on.

*

Memoirs are usually interesting to close family, but I think they have to earn their interest to others. It's good to have done exceptional things, as Xenophon did, and to be the first to write about that kind of thing, as Xenophon was. Just being true isn't enough, but it's important, and I was surprised as I gradually became aware how many half-truths I had allowed to slip through the first draft (these have been corrected).

But for the author, writing memoirs is fascinating and can be transforming. They stir thoughts long asleep, with unpredictable consequences. Our buried memories are not complete, but they are rich. We recognize faces in old photos; not always, but often; I clearly recognized a photo of John MacKinnell (another Durham teacher), and though I'm puzzled to recall exactly what I studied with him, I've no doubt that those studies are still partly engraved in my mind. When someone reminds us of an event, we say (with a kind of wonder), Yes, Now I remember! For we don't just assent, we remember. Though (like me) you may find nothing less interesting than jokes, don't you always feel you know if you've heard a particular joke before?

But we don't remember everything, as I know from glancing through old university essays that I evidently wrote but haven't the least memory of. So it's a natural question, since we have only one life, How much do I remember?  And wasn't there something I was meant to do?  And are there answers there, to questions I'm only asking now?











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Thursday, November 07, 2019

12, Bath Road

Following my last post, I found myself revisiting my grandmother's house, which I still know so well.

Those grandparent addresses, 12 Bath Road and Fridhemsgatan 11 ("elva"), were the continuities that stuck. We ourselves, like other young families going places, moved house every couple of years, but Mutti and Mormor were more stable.

"Mutti" was our English grandmother, Ruth Peverett née Plowright. She lived in this quiet cul-de-sac street in Eastbourne, a street that I childishly assumed was named after the kind of bath you have before bed-time.

Mutti named her house "Odd Corner", but when you wrote a letter you still had to write "12 Bath Road". "Odd Corner" was optional, it was one of those things I conceived as a touch of extra pleasure to the recipient; as when I wrote " , Esq." to my father.

And I noticed that the shape of the street,  which ended in a blank wall, did indeed resemble a bathtub. Along both sides were small terraced houses. No. 12 was the innermost on one side, apart from a small office, a broker's or something. All the houses looked much the same, but the doors were different colours. Mutti's was black, which I considered very stylish. Though my secret favourite, a little way up the road, was primrose yellow.

*

We come into the hall, a corridor with a staircase at the far end. The doorway into the rest of the ground floor is on the right. Here in the hall was the bust of Beethoven, looking fierce and gloomy, and also the grandfather clock that we used to wind every other morning. As I tour the rooms now, I can see all the objects, one by one, so vividly that it's hard to believe that they aren't still there. But I know they aren't. After all, one of them, a heavy dome of blue Venetian glass, is right here today in my own flat in Swindon (I use it to prop open the bedroom door).

It was a small terraced house, with a cement back garden that contained a stone owl and a hydrangea planted in a bath-tub. To one side, a shed with an outside lavatory.

Sometimes I think I remember the house better than I remember Mutti herself.

But it isn't true. It's just easier to pin down static objects. A person is never static. Here she is, first thing in the morning, kneeling on the mat while she lays the coal fire in the grate. She's scrumpling up pages from an old copy of the Radio Times, or the church magazine. (She also used these resources to make squares of toilet paper.) When she's ready, we light a spill and apply it to the fire lighters at rear left, and rear right.  If the spill is less than half burnt, she stubs it out for next time. We see the warmth long before we feel it, like the sun on a winter morning.

If I ever chance to meet Mutti again (it's a chance I can't quite bring myself to give up on), I feel we won't be strangers, we'll interact as in this memory.

And yet I also know that even while she still lived, we had lost our togetherness. I was in my twenties, she was in a care home. I had already mislaid my Mutti and didn't know how to bring her back when I visited her. The present moment took over from nostalgia: the ceaseless shifting of her foot as she sat in her armchair and we tried to chat, but she now had no life of her own to chat about, and mine felt difficult to share. 12, Bath Road had gone while I was away at university, preoccupied with my own life, things that then seemed more important.



*

The glass dome, now in my flat


*

Repeatedly, if not regularly, new memories of that place and time still come back.

Mutti used to make rice cheese, a meal I adored just as much as the macaroni cheese we had at home. 

Mutti used to fold over the end of the sellotape so you didn't have to pick at it. (A lesson I ignored at the time, but have taken on board fifty years later.)  She pronounced it SEALOTAPE. She also pronounced Marmite as MARMEAT, I suppose on the French model. 

When Annika was born in October 1962, Mutti stayed up in Leicestershire to look after me.

I remember Mutti taking me to evenings of chamber music somewhere just up the road near the town hall (Haydn? Dvořák?). And to the rehearsals of the visiting symphony orchestra at the Congress Theatre: attending them was free.

When I returned from a summer fortnight in Lorraine at the age of fifteen, I stayed with Mutti (Mum and Dad would still have been in Sweden). I was in love. I told Mutti about Christiane Trabuc from Marseilles, at that time the most beautiful girl in existence. Mutti's eyes lit up, she was very encouraging; it was a side of her that I hadn't seen before. It made me certain that Mutti herself had been in love with her handsome French friend Pierre, whose photo hung on the wall above the dining table, along with a painting of a Paris street scene. 

A few years after that (I must have been at uni by now), I took it into my head to pay Mutti a surprise visit at 12 Bath Road; to come and stay with her. I thought it would delight her. Her look of shock when she answered the door, her evident difficulty at adjusting to my plan (I can't remember now if I did stay or not) . . .it remains with me as one of my grievous memories. One of those moments when I stupidly realized that things weren't the same any more, that Mutti was old and anxious and frail, and that the safe haven of my childhood no longer existed. 




The stone owl, now in my sister Annika's garden


But I find I'm repeating a poem I wrote thirty years ago. I've managed to track it down, I'm not recommending it, but it's useful for me so I'll paste it here.


*




Mutti


When I was a child & you were old
Your shadowy friends, the telephone calls
That interrupted our play - & how they'd talk!
But in the darkness of eight o'clock,
As definite as the hall clock,
I had you to myself & knew in sleep
How you put yourself to bed without a thought
Of anything but library books due for return
& the shoes put out to take to the menders.

The breeze in the road that blows the raindrops
Into resembling snow;
A cry of gulls out there,
Of rigging & the shouts of men
Preparing a ship to sail,
Not well imagined, but with a remembered scent
Of the morning wind flapping in flintwalled streets
On the way to church.

I am a little boy, whose feet stop well short of the bed-end, leaving a tranquil space that is draped in a gaily checkered shawl, & here the hot-water bottle makes an isolated hummock, like Glastonbury Tor.

Their origins & purposes obscure, I lay
& stared for a long time at the boxes
On the dresser, glass & pewter, intricate
& utterly placid, before it occurred to me
That it must be morning.

"Is that you dear?
Grannie's still in bed."

I never saw you sleep. I snuggled in beside you
While you read the prayer-book, advancing the bookmark
To another page, then turning to the end
To read a psalm. Later, I watched you dress,
Intrigued by your wrinkled belly and behind,
Folded like whipped cream in a bowl.

Then you fiddled at your dressing-table with an ebony hand-mirror, or tiny jars in silver braziers, half-full of vermillion & turquoise paste. You also powdered your nose, which age had softened and enlarged, so that like other grown-ups you appeared gigantic, even arboreal.

On an awkward knee-high table by the bed was a wireless installed by Tony; it gave constant trouble, you couldn't even tune it, you always said: "I'll ask Tony to fix it." & you pretended you didn't need it. Sacrifice was your commonest key.

In the days before my appetite increased
& yours disappeared,
Sometimes you made porridge in a small unstable saucepan.
Having styled yourself Mutti,
You persuaded me that you were somehow German;
Like your alpine jigsaws & Oberammagau.
& besides, you'd played the violin.
You appeared to inhabit the world of Brahms or Beethoven.

You gave me toast, cut into ranks of soldiers,
& spread with dripping & Marmite, which you mispronounced.

The dripping (later I worked it out) had been carried home triumphantly in a bowl covered in muslin, from a house where you had been asked to "help out", the fruit of a patient, humble request. I've heard you ask for vegetable water, & refuse to budge despite dissuasion, despite embarrassed offers to purchase all kinds of fresh vegetables for you. You had grown accustomed to the borders of service, rejecting thanks & rejecting thanks until our gratitude was swollen & inflamed like a fire to which you had applied the bellows. This odd behaviour was forgiven you.

Inappropriate, 26-inch screen,
Twin-garage gold, you wouldn't wear
Even in August in a garden
Where your dark silver hair & brooch,
Settled on coal-grey,
Defined your later age
& your attenuated ceremonial,
Empty of robust macaroni-stuffing appetite
If not compulsion.

That was when you visited
Cross-country, changing at Heathfield;
I imagine you over-heating
Toting a tiny suitcase
Of olive-black leather
Or some cheap substitute
Not without elegance
The neatness of rationing.

Adolescence's
Quick sympathy, long absences,
Clumsy calls you couldn't manage:
It is autumn, beauty.
& you getting smaller,
Breasting the leaves,
Gasping for air.

With iron face I mourned your destruction
Before it happened. Perhaps you didn't see,
In the long quiet pauses, while you shuffled your feet,
& I timed my visit to end for the train.

An evening alone, & with inordinate effort
I try to recover the rules of a patience
We shared a quarter-century ago.
"Once in a Blue Moon" you said it was called;
But I must misremember, for it comes out every time.

And what was her name?
How fully I enjoyed the lack of confidences,
Your ready recognition
That all was beyond me.




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Friday, June 07, 2019

På svenska! (my"Swedish" album)



So, after about three or four years of thinking, learning, practising, busking, recording, re-recording, I finally managed to finish my album of Swedish songs (publishing it, rather appropriately, on June 6th, Sweden's "nationaldag". Singing all these songs in Swedish made a nice gift for my Swedish relatives and was also good practice for my slowly-improving language skills.

In the end it turned out to be a mini-album: only 30 minutes. I had planned to do more, to draw the music from a wider variety of sources, but that would have taken another year and I decided it worked well as just eight songs.






Here are some notes on the individual songs:





1. SJÖSALA VALS  [SJÖSALA WALTZ]

Some Swedes detest this song, having been forced to learn it at school. It's one of Evert Taube's most famous tunes, composed in 1941 and featuring his fictitious elderly character Rönnerdahl waltzing around the morning meadow in the Stockholm skerries.

For the rest of us, it's a joyously fresh spring song, and very artfully designed. The first part of each verse is merely tonic-dominant-tonic, but the chromatic melody line disguises this primitivism. Thereafter the melody effloresces, with its key harmonic development being the delayed subdominant following a venture into the minor. The naive line that completes each verse names the four spring flowers shown on my CD jacket:

Gullviva, mandelblom, kattfot och blå viol
Cowslip, meadow saxifrage, mountain everlasting, and heath dog-violet

More about this song: https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2017/09/evert-taube-sjosala-vals.html




2. SOL, VIND OCH VATTEN  (SUN, WIND AND WATER)

A 1973 song by the 17-year-old Ted Gärdestad (with lyrics by his elder brother Kenneth), originally written for Lena Andersson. It's an evocation of a long summer day, beginning with grasshoppers and footballs in the schoolyard, ending with shadows in the valley. Ted recorded his own version soon aferwards.

More about the song here: https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2017/06/lyrics-by-kenneth-gardestad.html





3. DANSEN PÅ SUNNANÖ  [THE DANCE AT SUNNANÖ]

Another Evert Taube song, from 1953, once more featuring Rönnerdahl and once more set on an island in the skerries. This time the elderly musician gets to dance with flirty young Eva Liljebäck and finds himself going off into a bit of a dream...

More about this song: https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2017/05/dansen-pa-sunnano-dance-in-sunnano.html



4. VISA (MIN KÄRLEK FÖDDES...)   [SONG (MY LOVE HAD ITS BIRTH...)]

The words are a poem by the working-class poet Dan Andersson (1888 - 1920); the intensity of early love, and the loss of that fervour when it grows old. The music is by me.

More about this song: https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2016/10/dan-andersson-1888-1920-visa.html



5. OUR LAST SUMMER

A song by two Swedes, Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus. It originally appeared on Abba's 1980 album Super Trouper, and was one of the comparatively few Abba songs where Frida sang the lead. It later featured, in butchered form, in the film Mamma Mia! 

A beguilingly complex song (with key changes, lyrical pauses, and a feminine rhyme between lines 3 and 8 of each verse!), "Our Last Summer" combines the après-holiday-romance genre (in which Abba had already filed one classic,  the charming "Hasta Mañana") with a much older genre:  the Parisian list-song (e.g. "These Foolish Things", written in the mid-1930s).  [Their own greatest list-song, "The Day Before You Came", was perhaps already on Björn's horizon.]

My original idea was to translate the lyrics into Swedish, but I would have made many childish errors. As it turned out, the sudden incursion of English makes for some nice variety. (As of course does having a song with a female protagonist.)



6. SOMMARNATT  [SUMMER NIGHT]

Evert Taube song #3, written in 1928 and published in 1936. Summer night in the skerries: an ecstatic invitation to the dance.

More about this song: https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2014/01/evert-taube-sommarnatt.html



7. FÖR KÄRLEKENS SKULL  [FOR LOVE'S SAKE]

Another song by Ted and Kenneth Gärdestad. Ted recorded it in 1993, signalling his return to the public eye after twelve years of mental instability. The song is about the return of spring and claims that the sun shines for "us", the song's two lovers: for the sake of love.

This is the only song on my album where there's an overdub... a bit of extra guitar filigree.



8. SÅ LÄNGE SKUTAN KAN GÅ   [AS LONG AS THE BOAT FORGES ON]

In Swedish, boats go (gå). Not in English, so what verb should you use instead? This is a skuta, a small cargo boat, and it's motorized, so "sail" doesn't really seem the appropriate verb to use.

Evert Taube song  #4. One of his last songs, first performed in 1960. In it he looks back to the adventurous days of his youth, in this case as a sailor in the Caribbean. Exhorts us to celebrate the good times; soon enough the bell will toll for us.

More about this song: https://michaelpeverett.blogspot.com/2018/04/evert-taube-sa-lange-skutan-kan-ga.html




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Thursday, May 23, 2019

Min morfar




Klas and Sigrid had a sole child, rather late in life*: my mother Eva. When she married an Englishman it must have distressed them to think of her making her home so far away from Sundsvall. But when I was born and we returned for a long visit, their delight in their grandson is easy to imagine. There are many photos of a proud Morfar with me when I was a baby boy who had inherited his blue eyes. For a man who never had a son, to have a grandson would have meant a lot.

But as it turned out grandfathers would never play a large part in my life. I barely knew my English grandfather, meeting him only twice so far as I recall. And Morfar+ (Klas) died on the morning of Christmas Eve when I was about ten. I remember my mum's anguish when she answered the telephone. So far away! Later that day, I thought how strange it was to be unwrapping a Christmas present from someone who had already died. (It was a reclining dog, with a nodding head.)

Morfar had had a bad stroke around five years before, affecting both his speech and his mobility. In England my early bilingualism had foundered. We could only afford to visit Sweden every other year, so Morfar and I never had much chance to overcome the language barrier. After the stroke I became rather afraid of him; I was always a shy child.

Once we were alone together in the living room of the flat. I was playing by myself. Morfar was sitting in his invariable armchair, well dressed as ever (Morfar always wore a tie). Suddenly he rose: he wanted, I thought, to show me a kindness and to bring us closer together. He managed a step or two, and then he collapsed to the floor. "Morfar's fallen over!" I shouted, very alarmed. Mormor and my mother came running from the kitchen. They settled him down, but the emotional barrier between us, as much as the language barrier, never thawed any further. I loved him because he was my Morfar but I never knew him as a real person.


* Not late in life by today's standards. Klas was 44 and Sigrid just 30.

+ Swedish has two words for grandfather:

morfar: mother's father
farfar: father's father

Likewise mormor (mother's mother) farmor (father's mother), moster (mother's sister), faster (father's sister), morbror (mother's brother), farbror (father's brother)



*

Henrik, my great-grandfather 


Karolina, my great-grandmother 




Klas Henrik Gulliksson was born on 7 July 1892. Three months before he was born, his father Henrik had died of pneumonia. His mother Karolina lived on for many years after her husband's death; my mother knew her.

Henrik was a good "snickare" (carpenter). He made the large rocking-chair that still gets passed around the family and is currently at my sister Annika's house. He also made the blue cabinet at Battle which is a "sockerskrin". It was designed to hold loaf sugar. The sugarloaf went into the upper drawer and was banged with a hammer to break it up. This drawer was kept locked, but small fragments would fall down into the narrow middle drawer, which the children could access. There was also a lower drawer with a lock (perhaps for the next loaf?)
 


Klas had four elder siblings. Henning, Hildur, Lydia and Karl, who was just two years older than Klas.

Three days after Henrik's sudden death, a lady visited and offered to adopt little Lydia, then about four; it wasn't unusual in those days. But Karolina would rather have starved than lose pretty Lydia. 

Henrik's death certainly put the family in difficult circumstances. Karolina had been a teacher at Borgsjö before her marriage, but now when she re-applied she was refused. She had become a Baptist, and could not teach in schools linked to the Church of Sweden. 

So, instead, she resorted to sewing waistcoats. Hildur, then about nine years old, was often left in sole charge of the other children: Lydia and the two baby boys. Henning, the eldest son, was the only child to receive a full education. 

Karl and Klas, those two young boys, tumbled up together. They were a naughty pair. When Karl was only four he threw a fork at two-year-old Klas. Karolina found it sticking out of Klas' pate; apparently no serious damage was done. When they were a bit older they sneaked off to swim in Selångersån (Sundsvall's river) or to creep under the chain and ski down the out-of-bounds slope beneath the ski-jump on Södraberget. They became excellent at swimming and skiing.


Karolina with her grand-daughter Eva (my mum)








Klas, Lydia, their mother Karolina, and Karl




Henning Gulliksson

The family could only afford to educate one of the children. That was Henning. When he was at home, he passed on his knowledge to his brothers and sisters. Henning became relatively well off. 

When my mother was two, the house Klas and Sigrid moved into (Fridhemsgatan 11 in Sundsvall) was Henning's: Klas couldn't afford to buy his own. Henning built the house with a man called Fritiof Lindgren. Henning had one half of the house and Lindgren had the other. Henning lived there with his first wife Svea until her death.

Henning and Svea had one child, a little girl who died after just three days.

(My mum was born to Klas and Sigrid three years later, and she was treated with perhaps painful protectiveness, because she was in effect the only child on either side of her family; Klas and Sigrid were not young parents, and all Klas' and Sigrid's siblings were either single or childless or had emigrated to America, never to be seen again.)

For Svea the whole thing was so traumatic that she swore never to go into hospital again. She died, a few years later, of a burst appendix.

It was after Svea's death that Henning moved to Stockholm in connection with a job in publishing. Thus Fridhemsgatan 11 became available for Klas and Sigrid to rent. 

Both Albäcksgatan and Fridhemsgatan are in the suburb Södermalm (though the Fridhemsgatan house is very close to Östermalm). Södermalm was a residential expansion of Sundsvall, south of the railway. The name was changed in about 1900; it was formerly Stenhammaren, which had acquired something of a reputation as a red light district. (The novelist Lars Ahlin was born in Södermalm in 1915.)


Fridhemsgatan 11



Eva, my future mum, stood in the street and told the passers-by: "I used to live at Albäcksgatan 4 and now I live at Fridhemsgatan 11." 

Klas and his family had only moved a few hundred meters. Albäcksgatan 4 had belonged to Sigrid's invalid father Karl. They moved in so they could take care of him. He died when Eva was only one year old. 

At Fridhemsgatan Fru Wahlström, Svea's mother, still lived upstairs. Klas and Sigrid shared the house with her when they moved in.

Tant Lindgren lived next door, with her daughter Babbo. Babbo was a a bit older than Eva. Eva was struck by Babbo possessing a record-player, a rare thing at the time. (This was the Babbo who married Ingvar. In my youth we used to visit Babbo and Ingvar on our way north; they had an apartment in Nyköping.)

My earliest datable memory is from that house: a Christmas when I was three. Jultomten (Santa Claus) visited the house that day. He scraped the snow off his boots and announced: "Here is a present for a little boy who is three." I hesitated, being a stickler for accuracy, and said "Well, I'm three and a half!" The present was a metal pick-up truck, coloured orange and white, with a crane and a hook you could wind up and down.

Fridhemsgatan 11 was a lovely wooden house, with Falu Röd Färg (dark red) walls and white-painted window and door frames: the traditional colours of such houses. They only occupied the downstairs: there was another tenant above them. This was where my mother grew up; it was where she had to be detached after licking the metal doorknob when it was 20 below, and where she had a miniature pipe-organ, which was supposed to help her learn the piano.

The house had a fine cellar and a big garden containing currant and gooseberry bushes as well as raspberries along the back fence. In my summer memories the garden is always sunny, but in winter it got no sun at all for six months, because of the rising slope of the South Mountain just behind. Around the time of Morfar's stroke they moved to a third-floor apartment on the north side of town: Elevgränd 4B. Of course I remember this flat much more clearly than Fridhemsgatan, but that's for another post.

By the time they moved to Fridhemsgatan Henning had a good job in Stockholm. He was an editor for a major publisher, perhaps Bonniers but no-one is sure. Like many Swedish dignitaries he was a Good Templar, that is, a strict teetotaller. It was important for his reputation that he never even attended a gathering where alcohol was served. When my mother and father got married in 1957, the toasts were in sparkling pear juice!

Despite or perhaps because of being a Good Templar, Henning was an affable presence at parties and led the wedding guests in the singing of traditional Swedish drinking songs (snapsvisor) such as the evergreen "Helan går", which you might paraphrase as "Down the hatch". He appreciated everything about drinking culture except the alcohol itself. My father remembers that when they visited his flat in Stockholm Henning proudly showed off his collection of small bottles of various choice tipples -- all non-alcoholic, naturally.

I don't remember Farbror Henning but we must have met each other once or twice when I was still a baby. His death was a sad accident. He slipped on an icy street and slid under a moving bus. He was run over by the rear wheels. 

When I was a little older we used to stay at Faster Selma's apartment in Stockholm: one of several stopovers on our long journey north. Selma had been Henning's second wife and was now his widow. I remember her cloudily: a tea-party, and some forgotten joke about jam. Usually we stayed at the apartment when Selma wasn't there. Probably she was away at a summer cottage, like most Stockholm residents at that time of year.

As it happened it was through Selma that we acquired our own summer cottage. She put us in touch with her sister Esther, who lived in Sollefteå with her husband Helge. They had a summer cottage in the Indal valley, but family troubles meant they hadn't gone there for eight years. It had no electricity or water. When we went over to look at it we had to battle through the young forest that had already grown up. For forty years it became our heaven on earth.


 
Lydia and Hildur Gulliksson 




Hildur Gulliksson / Nordine  (born 1 April 1883)

Hildur emigrated to the USA. She got married there and became Hildur Nordine. 

I've managed to find a little more genealogy related to her husband Carl . Carl Axel Nordine (1889 - 1943) was six years her junior.

She had four children. Her son Ivan died in the Vietnam war. One of the daughters was Alice Linnea ("Lin"). My mother was in touch with her and met her once in the 1980s -- she was Lin Roy then --at her home in Exeter, New Hampshire. 



Hildur Gulliksson


Lydia Gulliksson




Lydia Gulliksson 




Lydia

I and Annika remember Lydia very well, though not, I am sure, the way she should best be remembered. When we were very young Lydia, who never married, had her own flat in Sundsvall. I remember her as an elderly woman with short black hair, a strict Baptist, teetotal and a bit austere (but she's laughing heartily in the photos where she's giving me a carry). Around the same time as her younger brother Klas, she suffered a catastrophic stroke. After that she lived a lingering half-life in care homes for another decade or more. Visiting Faster Lydia was a regular and dreaded part of our annual holiday in the north. She lay there like a frail bundle of bones, scarcely a hump beneath the bedclothes: the bed was a narrow single bed but she made it look big. Mum and Dad spoke to her and went through rituals of greeting, talking about the holidays, pointing out us children (who added our weak smiles), or a new bunch of flowers beside the bed, and so contriving to eke out a near-monologue. The ghastly Lydia, with well-combed thin white hair, was unfathomable, barely capable of a syllable or flicker of feeling. I don't know if Lydia had Alzheimer's or was simply too weak to say or feel anything.  Mum would stay a bit longer while we and Dad went off to the beach at Björkön. When the visit was over we cried, but not much: we'd cried before, but nothing would or could ever change, so what was the point.

It was only many years later that I began to be interested in my family past and to learn what a dynamic and active woman Lydia had been. She decided never to marry while her mother was still alive, in order to look after her. She must have been about fifty by the time Karolina died, and she never did marry.

I'll find out properly one day, but I know she was heavily involved, I think as a teacher, in church charitable work. She worked as caterer at the Baptist retreat at Mjösjö, a remote but pretty spot in the hinterlands (Bräcke kommun, Jämtland), about 100km from Sundsvall. Originally it was a place where Baptist pastors could take a summer holiday with their families. But during WW2 it became an orphanage, taking children from both Finland and Norway. (Lydia got medals from the Finnish refugee organisation. ) Later it was involved with the "kolonibarn" charity, providing summer holidays for the children of the urban poor. 

My mum went there in her tenth summer, making friends with Anita Björnsson, a girl of the same age who lived in the farmstead next door (there were only about three houses in Mjösjö).

My mum remembers an occasion when they walked two spaniels together, and made the mistake of letting the dogs off the lead. The dogs promptly went off gallivanting in the forest and didn't respond to the girls' calls. It didn't go down very well at home, though the dogs did drift back eventually.

Anita's home struck Eva as quite strange. There were so many flies in the kitchen that you could hardly raise the juice to your lips, but no-one seemed to notice. Anita lived there with her mum, but Eva never met her dad, who seemed to be always away. They were allowed to play in "his" house (a separate building). Here they found lots of empty bottles, which (coming from the Baptist establishment) made a very grave impression on little Eva. 

When she was a little older Eva went back to Mjösjö, this time as a volunteer helping with the kolonibarn. 

Many years after that, Mum and Dad went back and they found Anita still living at Mjösjö. She loved the horses and had taken on the farmstead. Her life was a strange contrast with her rather glamorous sister Monica, who had gone off to Italy at the earliest opportunity. 

Karl

Like Hildur, he emigrated to the USA. He went there at a young age, perhaps 20 or even younger. He was unsettled in northern Sweden. In his early years the other children used to call him "Nigger", in reference to his dark complexion and prominent lips. 

He was a house painter by trade. When he got to America the family lost touch with him for many years. We can only guess why. Perhaps one issue was the family's strict religiosity. In America, Karl married a Swedish woman who had been married before. That might have been unacceptable to Karolina. Karl and his wife had one child, a boy. 

All this was only discovered when, years later, Karl unexpectedly showed up at his sister Hildur's place (in New Hampshire?). Only then did he learn of his mother's death, years before; there had been no means of telling him. 

Whatever the reasons for this isolation, Karl made a new life for himself in America. I'm not sure whereabouts he lived, but when he died the local newspapers praised his energetic contribution to the life of the community.



Klas Gulliksson





Klas

So, my grandfather. Most of what I know about Klas's younger life is encapsulated in the page of the family album shown at the head of this post.

By the age of thirteen he was working. His first job was as a beater in a fur factory. Something made his lungs bleed: fluff or leather fibres or dust, I'm not sure which. 

He was "in the cavalry" as a young man, but what cavalry, and for how long, I don't know. Then he was a wage clerk for the railway during the building of "Östkustbanan": the new coastal route from Gävle - Sundsvall - Härnösand, now the principal rail route to the north, opened in 1927. The photo of the logging camp may come from this period. Taking the week's wages to the camps and distributing them to the workers was a responsible job, though not a well-paid one. 


Klas on a converted motorbike



He's standing in the middle of the group of five revellers. They could be anywhere in northern Sweden, but I've always imagined this photo shows either the North or South mountain in Sundsvall: both popular locations for a day out. The girl beside him isn't Sigrid, so perhaps she was an early flame; or it could be his sister Lydia. (An old photo of Sigrid appears at the bottom right.)


Klas and Sigrid (a wedding photo?)

Klas and Sigrid a few years later

Klas' signature, on Eva's high school report for Spring term 1952. ("målsman" means "guardian")



In 1924 Klas became a cargo inspector at the docks in Sundsvall. (Coincidentally, the same job my great-uncle John did at Southampton.) At the docks he was known as "Gullik". In Swedish, his job was "kajbokhållare": that is, dock book-keeper. 

My mum regrets not knowing her dad better. She never had the time with him that she had with her mum. She left Sweden when barely 18, and it wasn't long after his retirement that Morfar had a bad stroke which impacted his communications with everyone, not just me. 

She remembers him as a quiet and good man, proud of being able to earn enough money to keep his small family. He was usually at work. He often had to go down to the harbour in the middle of the night, if there was a boat coming in and goods to be checked. His holidays were in January, when the harbour was icebound. 

He retired on the 12 March 1963, when he was seventy. I know this because I'm looking at the Seamaster watch he was presented with. The watch is engraved "Långvarig trogen tjänst" : the standard phrase for these occasions, meaning "long faithful service". The watch is one of those self-winding ones: I've given it a good shake and it's working, after at least ten years of lying in a drawer.





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Karolina (Klas' mother)

Karolina had travelled from Värmland with her father when he came to Sundsvall looking for work. She was 9 years old at the time. They travelled by horse and cart. I suppose this was around 1870. Karolina's mother and siblings remained in Värmland until the father was properly settled in Sundsvall. 

Karolina baked and sold food at the factory gates on payday (Friday afternoon).

Later, she was an itinerant teacher at Borgsjö, 80km west of Sundsvall in the Ljungan valley. (Sundsvall, on the east coast of Sweden, lies between the mouths of two major rivers, the Indal just to the north and the Ljungan just to the south.)

I'm not sure how many siblings Karolina had, but she was the eldest.

"Farmor" was the only grandparent Eva knew. She was a good singer and used to sing Eva old Swedish songs like "Klang min vackra bjällra". She sang in the choir at Elim Kyrka (the Baptist church), as did her daughter Lydia.

"Farmor" lived in Långgatan (sometimes Lydia lived there too). She had a milk shop there. (The premises were later a "Tinghuset". During summer visits to Sundsvall we often went there and, of course, every time we retold the story that it had once belonged to Mum's gran.)

Milk was delivered to the shop in large churns, and Karolina used a liter-scoop to fill the containers brought by the general public. Sigrid often helped out at the shop, and Eva was a regular visitor. 

One summer day, when Eva was five or six, she went with the neighbour sisters Ing-Britt and Astrid Hallberg to the Sundsvall park called Vängåvan where there was a "plaskdammen" (splash pool). Ing-Britt was a few years older than Eva. Astrid was her own age, but a bit backward due to illness in infancy. Eva wore only her bathing costume, but just as in later years she was always a bit hesitant about getting in the water and when they arrived at the park she refused to get in. Ing-Britt had the bright idea of getting her to take off her bathing costume and then immersing it, thinking that when Eva put the wet costume back on she would then have the courage to get in the pool. But it didn't turn out that way. Instead, Eva refused to put on the damp costume, and instead carried it all the way to Långgatan. Karolina answered the knock and was surprised to find her naked grand-daughter standing outside. Hence the longstanding family joke that my mum once walked naked through the streets of Sundsvall! 

(Fru Hallberg was a neighbour. She had a fabric shop -- tygaffär -- in Sundsvall.)


Johan and Hilda Floberg




Klas's cousins

Karolina had a younger sister (moster Marie), who married a Herr Floberg and had two sons, Johan and Albert.

Johan Floberg had a farm at Johannisberg, a little downriver from Borgsjö. His wife's name was Hilda.

At the farm they needed help at hay-making time, and my mother went there with Klas at least once (she speculates that Klas couldn't get away very easily at that time of year, a busy time in the harbour). My mother remembers pitching hay up on to the rick and sitting on the top of it. The Johannisberg farm, like many others, contained two homes: a cosy winter one and a more open summer one. Another memory: Hilda setting out food for the workers in the veranda (farstubron) outside the summer home.

The Flobergs had two daughters, Elsie and Jonny, and a son Pelle.

Elsie and Jonny both married. Jonny's husband was a musician who played in a dance band. They had two children, Benny and Ingerla.

Pelle was the youngest. He was a few years older than my mother; he was good-looking and bright and he received more education than most. At one time he got a job in a chemical factory outside Sundsvall, making plastics, and then he stayed for several months with the family at Fridhemsgatan.

A little further up the Ljungan valley from Borgsjö and Johannisberg is Ånge, and here my mum had another distant relative.

Tant Judith Siljeström, who had a daughter called Lillemor, was related in some way to Johan Floberg (presumably on his father's side). The Siljeströms had a big house and were well off, they owned a shop and were considered more genteel than mere farmers. Tant Judith was very fond of Klas's sister Lydia, who had rather genteel manners herself.



Photo taken outside Lidens Gamla Kyrka. Michael in the arms of Moster Anna, Mum, Mormor, Morfar and a pal whose name I don't know.


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Zone S, number 116 in the cemetery at Sundsvall. It says:

KARL   GUSTAFSSON
*1868                +1937
 HUSTRUN AMANDA
*1872                +1927
        DÖTTRARNA
ANNA  *1898   +1976              (moster Anna)
GRETA  *1901  +1988              (moster Greta)
KLAS    GULLIKSSON.             (morfar)
*1892                 +1968
   HUSTRUN SIGRID                 (mormor)
*1906                 +1997
   
Hustrun = wife
Döttrarna = daughters

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